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Watch this Space for more articles, information pieces
and news bits
Special
Feature: If you're interested in responses to Skeptics,
take a look at Loyd Auerbach's column for the February
2004
issue of FATE magazine and a response to a recent
posting by
James Randi on his website (here)

GHOST HUNTERS visit The Moss
Beach Distillery
Click
here for Loyd Auerbach’s commentary on the June 4, 2008 broadcast of
SciFi Channel’s GHOST HUNTERS

New: Short Pieces "Mind
to Mind"
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Mind To Mind
By
Loyd Auerbach
Just Say
No to Demons!!
Frankly, I'm troubled. I'm troubled by the kinds of training (or
lack thereof) people who call themselves "ghost hunters" have
received (or not received), especially when they offer their services to
people who claim paranormal problems in their homes - people who are often
scared by their experiences, and experiences that may or may not have a
paranormal cause.
I am troubled by the perpetuation of misinformation
about ghosts, hauntings and poltergeists on the internet, and amongst ghost
hunting groups - who have completely missed the over 130 years of field
work and investigation of such things from the earliest days of psychical
research through the inception and work of folks in the field of
Parapsychology.
I am troubled by the sentiment that using technology
is the same as doing science -- it's not, especially when the equipment is
not even used properly (I've seen this first hand).
But recently, I have been troubled by the rising tide
of "demonology" connected to investigations of the phenomena
which exists and is experienced in connection with consciousness, and the
suggestion that studying demons is somehow "scientific." Many use
the word "demon" to refer to apparent non-human entities that
have "evil" intentions, and the word "angel" for those
entities who have "good" intentions.
It has not been established (scientifically) that
human beings have consciousness, though the opinion is that we do. It has
not been established (proven, scientifically) that consciousness is
separable from the body (ghosts and such), though the evidence certainly
points that way.
The idea of non-human disembodied beings is one step
even further removed. Only living people's perceptions, what they
experience, points to disembodied consciousness and only those perceptions
and interpretations of those perceptions might suggest
"non-human" beings (other than ghostly pets, of course). We've
got enough to deal with human consciousness without leaping to conclusion
that some entity or other is "non-human" for whatever reason.
Further, what is "good" and what is
"evil" is subject to our interpretations, biases, and beliefs. Is
a shark evil when it attacks someone? The result of the attack is certainly
not a good thing, but the shark is what it is: hungry.
Is an earthquake "evil"?
Things can be very dangerous without being
"evil." That label attributes motive - a conscious motive to do
harm merely for the sake of doing it (see most DC and Marvel Comics
super-villains).
There are two questions here: are there non-human
entities and are they malevolent or evil?
The answer to both depends on looking deeper into the
perceptions, psychology and experience of the folks encountering things
they believe fall into these categories. From the Parapsychological
perspective, while there might be non-human disembodied entities
(essentially, beings of pure conscious energy), they falls into the realm
of belief and speculation even more than ghosts do. The experiences with
such things can be explained by other psychic models (apparitions,
hauntings, poltergeists, telepathy, etc.).
If there are such beings, are they evil?
Using the word "demon" to describe them
already puts them in that category, regardless of what their intentions are
or who they are. But more dangerous than that, using the label
"demon" puts a religious spin on the entity and experience.
If one takes the word "demon" to mean those
entities which started out as angelic beings, caught up in some rebellion
against God (losing side) and thrown down to the "region" that
became known as Hell, and perhaps their progeny, then we have a simple
problem: God, or gods, and beings of that hierarchy, including the
"low" (demons) are seen as unknowable.
How do you prove God exists? If you can't prove the
existence of God, how do you prove the existence of lesser yet associated
beings such as angels? How do you prove the existence of a Devil, whether
you call him Satan, Lucifer, Ahriman, or Loki, when he is said to be part
of God's (or the gods') hierarchy?
Not all cultures or religions have a "hell"
as part of their beliefs in an afterlife. Many do not have demons or angels
- though they do have gods who may do good or bad things.
The existence of demons and evil entities is relative
to our belief systems.
Gods, demons and other supernatural beings have always
been held responsible for the events of the natural world, whether we're
talking about the weather or the functioning of the human body. Most of
such explanations derive from the sense that humans have a hard time with
the unknown, so we have come up with some forms of explanations, however
groundless in fact. So, in some cultural belief systems, drought occurs
because people have offended particular deities or demons, while rain comes
when they are again pleased. An individual gets sick because of the direct
influence of a magic spell, an evil spirit, or a demon.
Most of us do not still believe demons are responsible
for drought, pollution, disease or a simple headache. Why? Because science
and medicine have learned otherwise. Demonology, studying demons, is
inherently non-scientific. Approaching such experiences and supposed
entities from this perspective IS religious, and a particular religious
approach.
For ghost hunting groups to incorporate such things
into their "investigations" means approaching the experiences of
people from a religious perspective. Unfortunately, I've seen too many
websites for groups that do include demonology, and in the same site
profess to be going about their investigations "scientifically"
with no acknowledgement that demonology is inherently from religion (and
generally the Catholic/Christian religion).
More than that, it can mean that you are going to
scare the s**t out of people having paranormal experiences (telling them
they have a demon attacking them). This is inappropriate and does not
respect the people one is trying to help, or the phenomena/experiences
which need explaining.
I have had cases over the years (and know of many
more) where people had a "ghost hunter", tell them they had a
"demon problem." They got more frightened than they were, the
ghost hunters were unable to help them (other than to refer them to some
clergy who could not help them), and the experiences continued. In too many
of those cases, there was NOTHING paranormal happening - the people (and I
assume the ghost hunters) had misinterpreted normal occurrences as
"supernatural."
In the cases where something paranormal was happening,
not everything they reported was paranormal...just some things. We dealt
with the experiences, we dealt with the fear they felt, and the phenomena
stopped. But they needed counseling because of the stress and fear the
"demonologist" ghost hunter had put into them.
There is also another danger which keeps rising in my
mind.
Several people have been either killed or allowed to
die during "exorcism" rituals in many places all over the world.
By demonologists (usually clergy doing the exorcism).
Other people have been killed by individuals who
attacked them because they (the killers) thought the victim was either
possessed, WAS a demon, or was a witch. I was involved as an expert in a
homicide case in 1984 where the couple had killed one woman for apparently
casting a spell on them, and another man because he was a demon.
If you are truly interested in the human spirit - in
ghosts - and whether it survives in some form after death, drop the demon
angle. Too much confusion, too much bias, and too much religious mythology
(which I acknowledge may be religious fact to you, but not to Science) can
lead to pain and suffering.
It certainly doesn't lead to understanding what these
experiences are that we link to apparitions, hauntings and poltergeists.
It certainly doesn't lead to any sort of application
of Science - which is the search to understand how we and the Universe
works.
But most of all, looking for evil demons where there
are other, non-religious explanations will send you off track and create
emotional problems for those who report their ghostly encounters.
Just
say No to demons!

Things That Go Bump in the Day...
Turn on most ghost hunting shows produced over the last 10 years or
so, and you can expect to see the ghost hunters running around in the dark,
portrayed via nightshot camera work.
Yes, it looks cool.
But it's
not the way someone educated in parapsychological field methods -- which is
what the original ghost hunters learned (or pioneered) --would conduct their
investigations, for two reasons:
1) Psychic
experiences (that includes experiences with apparitions, hauntings and
poltergeists) mainly happen when people are awake and aware.
2) Most
psychic experiences (that includes experiences with apparitions, hauntings
and poltergeists) happen with the witnesses able to see -- meaning either
in daylight or with the lights on.
Plus
there's the issue of conducting the ghost hunt (since much of what we see
out there is hardly an "investigation") late at night even
without considering whether the pattern of experiences/reports indicates
some other time of day.
The
folklore of ghosts and haunted houses (ghost stories) naturally put the
activity late at night. Let's face it, ghost stories are meant to scare us,
and the dark of night is that time when it's often so quiet as to both
notice things we normally don't, but also when people's minds are quiet
enough to be suggestible.
Parapsychologists
take each case separately. We consider the reported experiences of the
witnesses, and try to nail down patterns that show when the phenomena is
most likely to occur.
Most people
who live or work in ostensibly haunted places are not even awake in the wee
hours of the night/morning, so there are few reported experiences at those
times. In some cases of hauntings, there is some imprint of past activity
that happens late, or very early morning -- but the witnesses have to be
awake enough to experience them in order to make them part of a pattern of
activity. Or the activity has to be "loud" enough to wake them
up. Yes, this does happen, but it's the exception not the rule.
For some
cases, especially those with apparent ghosts (apparitions -- conscious
deceased people), the "pattern" is really at the whim of the
ghosts. If they want to be around and make themselves known at any given
time, they do -- or don't. Several of my apparition cases (see my book A
Paranormal Casebook (Atriad Press, 2005) such as the Moss Beach Distillery,
the USS Hornet Aircraft Carrier Museum, and the Banta Inn, have apparitions
that appear to folks, move objects or otherwise make themselves known at
all times of day and night.
In fact,
how can one say a ghost is active in the middle of the night at a place
that has no witnesses present to experience/report this? In a bar or
restaurant, this is possible because there are often people working well
after
midnight
.
Or there may be security folks around in a workplace overnight.
But again,
most people are either asleep or not present during the hours we so often
see TV ghost hunters running around with nightvision cameras.
Poltergeist
phenomena is the result of the unconscious activity of living people, and
as it is unrestrained by conscious impulses, tends to be much more dramatic
(bigger activity, and often destructive) than the activity caused by
apparitions. Poltergeist activity tends to occur when people are awake, and
with the lights on (otherwise, how could you see it?). There are some cases
in which it appears some activity occurs when the poltergeist agent is in
the dream state, the activity an extension of the metaphors of the
dreaming.
Hauntings
are replays of past events -- the "recordings" very much in a
pattern. If the recorded activity originally happened at
4 PM
,
then that is generally when people witness the imprint. Imprints tend to
follow the pattern of activity of the living people who are
"recorded" and can even be "recordings" of activity of
people still alive.
Such
activity can certainly occur late at night -- murder, suicide and such seem
not to follow the normal day-flow of most people. Perhaps some troubled
person living in a home paced up and down the upstairs hallway at
1 AM
,
leaving an emotional imprint only re-experienced around the same time.
One of my
favorite cases involved an imprint replaying at
3 AM
and
waking the new owners of the home (the imprint was of the prior owners -
still alive, by the way - making loud, passionate love). But the event that
was recorded (events, actually in this case) ALSO occurred at
3 AM
.
In any
event, witnesses constantly report experiencing the same imprints whether
their lights are on or off.
In other
words, why investigate in the dark when the vast majority of repeated ghost
and haunting (and poltergeist) experiences occur in the light of day or
under artificial lighting?
Okay, so
many people find it cool to walk around in the dark. But it's not
necessary. Nightvision cameras will still throw their infrared light and
work just fine in full light (well, people's eyes won't glow as much in
regular light, so that's an artistic downside).
It's much
safer to walk around with light.
It's also
more possible to observe what's going on -- say, if someone felt something
touch them, or there's an odd sound, it's easier to immediately consider
alternative explanations for those events, which is essential in a real
investigation. One must always eliminate as many "normal" explanations
as humanly possible in order to be able to understand what is and is not
paranormal. This is very hard to do in the dark.
Most ghost
hunters don't even know the history of infrared photography in psychical
research (later parapsychology) -- and that it was necessary mainly to
catch both fraud and potential "real" phenomena in the old seance
rooms of the later 19th and early 20th centuries. Significantly more fraud
was caught with infrared film, by the way.
I advocate
using every tool possible -- both human and technological -- and this does
certainly include nightshot. But it's more important to find the patterns
that indicate the best time to "hunt" the phenomena that's been
reported. Focusing on late night and working in the dark, nightshot or not,
generally misses the pattern (if there is one -- if not, you need to
conduct investigations at
ALL
times of
day and night to find the pattern or best times to connect with the ghost).
If the
pattern (from the witness reports and prelim investigation) says the
activity occurs right after
midnight
,
great. IF the reports indicate people only experience stuff in the dark,
follow that lead -- but ALSO try with the lights on, in order to test if
darkness really is essential to the occurrence of the phenomena or if
darkness merely hides alternative, non-paranormal explanations. Try
nightshot with the lights on (still works, and still can get
"odd" unexplained things).
In general,
keeping the lights out when this is unneccessary and often unsafe is,
really, only for "effect." Darkness is spookier, so it may make
the "hunt" more atmospheric. But there is little place for such
atmosphere in an investigation if you're really interested in finding out
what's going on and why.
Of course,
if you're into the fun of running around a spooky place in the dark, that's
fine too.
But be honest about what you're doing.
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